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Is hormone replacement therapy (HRT) safe?

Reviewed by Dr. Ana Lisa Carr, MD, MBA · Last reviewed May 10, 2026

Answer published

For healthy women under 60 or within ten years of menopause onset, modern hormone therapy is considered safe and effective for moderate-to-severe symptoms by the North American Menopause Society, the Endocrine Society, and ACOG. Transdermal estradiol with bedtime micronized progesterone is the most studied protocol and carries a lower clot risk than older oral formulations. HRT is not appropriate for women with a personal history of breast cancer, active liver disease, recent stroke or heart attack, or unexplained vaginal bleeding until those are evaluated.

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