Menopausal Hormone Therapy

Authoritative sources

• Wikidata (Q505497)
• MeSH (D006740)
• Wikipedia

Evidence base

• Observational Cohort Study · 2023 · Landmark

  Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Dementia

  BMJ · Pourhadi N, Mørch LS, Holm EA, et al.

  A large Danish study suggested a small association between long-term HRT and dementia risk, but experts caution the study cannot prove HRT causes dementia and contradicts other evidence.

• Position Statement · 2022 · Landmark

  The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society

  Menopause · The NAMS 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement Advisory Panel

  The most-cited modern clinical guideline: for most women in early menopause with bothersome symptoms, the benefits of HRT outweigh the risks.

• Randomized Controlled Trial · 2016 · Landmark

  Vascular Effects of Early versus Late Postmenopausal Treatment with Estradiol

  New England Journal of Medicine · Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Henderson VW, et al. (ELITE Trial)

  This trial provided direct evidence for the "timing hypothesis": starting HRT early in menopause protects arteries, while starting it late does not.

• Randomized Controlled Trial · 2015 · Landmark

  Effects of Hormone Therapy on Cognition and Mood in Recently Postmenopausal Women

  PLoS Medicine · Gleason CE, Dowling NM, Wharton W, et al. (KEEPS Cognitive and Affective Study)

  When hormone therapy is started early in menopause, it does not appear to harm memory or thinking, and may improve mood.

• Randomized Controlled Trial · 2004 · Landmark

  Effects of Conjugated Equine Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women with Hysterectomy

  JAMA · Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al.

  For women without a uterus, estrogen-only therapy showed a much more favorable risk profile than the combined therapy arm.

• Randomized Controlled Trial · 2002 · Landmark

  Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

  JAMA · Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. (Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative)

  The Women's Health Initiative was the landmark trial that reshaped how doctors prescribe hormone therapy after menopause. Later re-analyses showed the risk profile is very different for women who start HRT closer to menopause.

Where Menopausal Hormone Therapy appears on Kindr Health